O for Ólos 95 consumption is for most of them lower than optimal level. Almost consequently, unhealthy dietary factors’ consumption is higher than optimal level. But dietary risk is also linked with economical factors, right? I think that there are a few considerations to be done here. Regarding the risk factors, their type is subject to variations. For example, generally we saw that low income Countries, or less developed ones at national level, are most at risk of healthy foods’ low intake - thus, to name a few, low intake of food as vegetables, nuts and seeds - while Countries at a higher level of development, high income Countries, are most at risk of unhealthy foods’ high intake - for instance, processed and red meat. So, there are more Countries at risk, and its effect varies for each of them, but a consistent pattern that we can see says that, yes, the overall higher risk is based on their socioeconomic status. That is the reason why your research is trying to give a strong advice not only to the scientific publications’ field but broadly to people, am I wrong? Based on this study, we have different conclusions. And based on these conclusions, we have messages for different group of stakeholders in this field. • The message for policy makers message for policy makers is: first, diet is is: first, diet is an important risk factor, and when it comes to policy, we should have effective ones to improve nutrition; second, most of deaths related to diet is actually strictly related to low intake of healthy foods - whole-grain foods, vegetables - rather than to high intake of unhealthy foods, such as fats or sugar, but policy debate is mostly focused on the latter. The message of our study is that the time to change the policy focus is now - or, in - or, in other words, the time is now to pay attention, in addition to fats and sugar, even to other dietary factors. • The message for general public message for general public is that basically is that basically what you don’t eat might also kill you. It’s not . It’s not a question of over-eating, it’s not only red meat or fat or sugar what we should cut down in consumption. There are specific foods of which we need to increase the consumption. So, the public message is to substitute unhealthy foods with healthy ones. • The message for clinicians, physicians and message for clinicians, physicians and medical practitioners is that just like obesity, or is that just like obesity, or high blood pressure and chronic diseases, in the routine of their medical exams people should people should be asked about their dietary behavior and act in order to improve it. We can say your research reverse Feuerbach’s main claim that was «Man is what he eats», because, based on your study: «Man is also what he doesn’t eat». Exactly. You have also been a doctor in a hospital? Yes, granted. And, in your experience, doctors are less interested in dietary risks than they should? Basically, very very very few physicians ask about dietary behavior to their patients. Each medical visit time is minimally occupied by dietary risks and mostly focused on the main complaint of the patient. Perhaps, physicians as medical students receive a very minimal training on diet; so maybe they do not feel comfortable on giving advice to their patients. Therefore, I think physicians firstly need to receive physicians firstly need to receive more training on this area, in order to be more , in order to be more complete in their consulting. What really impressed me was the large and globally high amount of sodium for the 195 analyzed Countries’ diets. How do you explain this massive globalization of sodium consumption all around the world? Among unhealthy foods, sodium stands as an
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