157 The meaning of economy was born in Ancient Greece, from the union of the terms òikos (house) plus nómos (norm/law). Oeconomicus is the title of the book through which, in the fourth century BC, Xenophon spoke of the administration of the family goods. Always in Ancient Greece, the term broadens its horizons and the extension of its meaning embraces the management of the city-states. Centuries go by, and human dynamics and perspectives along with them. In the second half of 18th century, in Scotland, Adam Smith talks about the wealth of nations. Family, cities, nations. Let's see who gets first to what will be the next step for the meaning of economy. (Spoiler: the answer is the planet). Beauty is subjective, but there are well-defined routes upon which it is possible, or almost certain, to follow it. Harmony, proportion, clarity in complexity. Kate Raworth's voice is beautiful. Athens, Vancouver, Brighton, accompanied by Jonny Lawrence's animations. �uiet, firm and light tone. Striking comprehensibility of words and that precious gift of knowing how to choose examples in wanting to share some revolutionary, but above all no longer deferrable, ideas. Kate Raworth is an English economist with a model she has been teaching and sharing since 2012 which, unlike neoliberalism, is sustainable and not unfair. In April 2020 Amsterdam adopted it to exit the Covid-19 emergency and plan its administrative activity for the next 5 years. It has already happened with football that the Brits invented, and the Dutch applied in the best way. It can be replicated. Kate Raworth, born in 1970, teaches at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, has served 20 years between United Nations and Oxfam, and her message starts from design: we must change the design of economy, removing the mathematical model, which does not contemplate consequences and events other than cash, and replacing it with a "botanist" one. Raworth precisely talks about the gardener economist, who feeds and guides his plant, modifying its path where necessary. A new design. No longer an axe on a Cartesian plane devoted to a theoretical, but impossible, uninterrupted growth, but instead a doughnut: an economy model based on two concentric circles, where everyone can live well within the internal area. Kate Raworth apologizes for its derivation from the so-called junk food, but its economic design portrays a doughnut and bears its name. The Doughnut Economy. The smaller circumference of the doughnut represents the boundary under which access for goods such as food, water, energy, essential services, voting rights and personal freedoms does not have to fall. The largest circumference is the limit beyond which we must not go so as not to irreparably consume or pollute the planet. The good lies in the dough, for all of us and for the planet that hosts us. There are goods and there is well-being, there is health. In the hole, the absence of human rights; externally, the consumption of the planet. Within this economic model there is balance. The Doughnut Economy is a framework within which such decisions can be made. Amsterdam has also chosen to put on the scale of its development the image deriving from being a port with a high flow of cocoa beans stained with child labour. It has decided to exclude the land use for its housing policies. It has found monetary and social returns, in order to respond to the demand for prosperity, instead of growth. Here is the paradigm behind the design change: replacing growth with prosperity. «The administrative commitment has emerged from the desire to put aside the concept of growth, in favour of a better city, able to go back to being healthy and resilient», says the Deputy Mayor Marieke van Doornick. Thus, from one of the feelings warmed by Covid-19, from health as true priority for all, with respect for the environment too. Finally, from the manifesto with which 170 academics asked the city government for a restart through a different economic model.
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